Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this paper is to design a highway road accident prevention system to proactively alert vehicles about a possible accident with an Emergency Warning Message (EWM). Methods/Analysis: A Bandwidth Efficient Acknowledgement based Multicast protocol for High-Way (BEAM-HW) scenario is proposed in this paper. The BEAMHW protocol attempts to multicast EWM only to the vehicles that are endangered or intended to receive and it has an acknowledgement mechanism to ensure reception. Network Simulator-2 is used to compare and validate the performance of BEAM-HW protocol with Bandwidth Efficient Acknowledgement based Multicast (BEAM) protocol, which is developed for sub-urban scenario in Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET). Findings: In BEAM-HW, once an emergency situation is predicted, the Road Side Unit (RSU) performs the following tasks, 1. Forms a multicast group, 2. Generates a EWM, 3. Multicasts the EWM to the vehicles in the multicast group and 4. Ensures the EWM reception using acknowledgement mechanism. It is evident from the simulation experiment that BEAM-HW protocol outperforms BEAM in EWM notification and end-to-end delay. During simulation the following observations are made: BEAM-HW notifies EWM to 95.625 percent of vehicles and this is 8.25 percent higher than BEAM. The end-to-end delay in BEAM-HW for a vehicle density of 160 vehicles is 47 ms, which is comparatively better than BEAM. The performance of BEAM-HW and BEAM are closer in innetwork message transaction, reception rate and network processing overhead. Novelty/Improvement: The BEAM-HW helps to reduce: 1. Number of highway road traffic accidents, 2. Death and injury rate, 3. In-network message transactions. It also assures EWM delivery and uses the bandwidth efficiently.
Keywords: Bandwidth, End-to-End Delay, Emergency Warning Message, Multicast, Notification, Vehicular Adhoc Network