Digital Contemporary Challenges for Teaching Arabic Language

Background/Objectives: This article shed the light on the main challenges that face teaching Arabic language. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The author created solutions as a remedy for the current crisis in the language, especially in the age of globalization using 17 previous researches as a reference. Findings: Linguistics for now is still limited to its students and many educated people have no knowledge of the language sciences, rules and origins. The writings of the linguists also appeared to read and understood. The most linguists are interested in studying the methods of some poets and ancient writers and focuses on their influence on the language in ancient times. And with no objection to this because we are not of the people in this area and leave the evaluation of specialists, but the first of these study the linguistic heritage and the dismantling of its coffers commensurate with the requirements of modern times. And access to modern linguistic studies as well. One of the solutions is Re-attention to the teacher, rehabilitation and respect and improve economic conditions to change the entrenched in the minds of parents and the community from the image and then accept the superiority of this profession articulated and the basis in the construction of communities and the development of languages. Improvements/Applications: The heads of the language were only able to raise slogans against evolution and attempts to improve the language and did not provide the men of various sciences to satisfy their desires and speed with the rate of discoveries and inventions. The networks of communication terminology and information serving the language will yield its fruit if it combines with the Arabic language to accommodate all the terms.


Introduction
Arabic are the mother tongue of the Arab population and the second language of the world's population, the third language of the world in terms of its wide spread and abundance and one of the six languages in which UN documents are written. It is believed that it is the language chosen by God to bring down His best books to His best apostles. It is therefore one of the living and interacting languages with other languages of peoples, races and civilizations. In addition, UNESCO adopted on 18 December each year as the International Day of the Arabic Language and recognized that this language is spoken by twenty-two members of the UNESCO Member States, an official language of the Organization 1 .
There is no doubt that language plays an important role in the life and history of nations so that they are their past, present, future, image, thought, spirit and fate. There is no nation without language, where communication is made between the people of society, through which people acquire their experiences and skills, develop their knowledge and connect with each other, their heritage and civilizations and connect with the path of civilization and development.
The language of culture and the oldest manifestation of identity, as the common language is that makes each group of people a single "group", with an independent identity, increasing interest in the Arabic language and identity together and talk about them, in the historical joints in the life of groups linking them so closely that they almost become one thing. Taking into account the importance of the Arabic language, some foreign scholars have mentioned the importance of Arabic language and its status in societies. "The Arabic language has suddenly begun to be perfect and this is the strangest thing that has happened in human history. It is neither childhood nor old age, " said Ernst Renan. German Fritag said: "Arabic is the richest language in the world. " The language of identity is clearly linked, the Arab nation is geographically placed and its influence on the global economy is either coveted by other countries or a target of acquisition or sabotage. Arabic has gained a large share of all this. The study explains how the inability of the Arabic language on the tongue of its people and its deterioration is an indicator of the deterioration of Arab civilization and science and the study tries to propose contributions to the Arabic language and its role as a mother tongue in the Arab region. The study also seeks practical technical applications to address the flood of information, globalization and the attack on Arabic language and identity in particular. The methods of dealing with the problems came from a scientific and information perspective. The study focuses on children and Arab youth and proposes to address their social problems first, so that we can improve their abilities and abilities. The production of Arabic linguists is still weak and is not commensurate with the products of linguistics in countries with culture and thought due to the following 2 -4 : • Their lack of familiarity with modern language technology, engineering and theories in this field and some of them have tried to study the same Arabic language as we shall see later. As well as their lack of knowledge of what is transmitted through the networks of communications products of rapid development, whether verbal terms or scientific terms or interpreters or teachers that serve and support the language. The technique of language, its study and the establishment of a computer model will help it to understand, covet, reveal its treasures and its essence, especially in the field of automatic statistical research and put it into a comprehensive system. The role of specialists becomes the introduction of these techniques and adding to them instead of isolating the language. So that the science of language is not limited to its specialized scholars only and non-specialists depart from them. They may resort to expressing themselves in writing in the vernacular, for example or using other foreign languages, as in the American English language, which distorted some of its words for ease and speed. Scientific writings; Being a concern for the classical Arabic language and its traditional methods, we killed it and brought it to its last shrine. • The non-use of modern means used in the teaching of English language, such as language labs, recorded tapes, illustrations, color illustrations, video games, computer and Internet sites.
The limitations of stalemate fight every new thing and denounce it instead of looking at its validity and support or try to correct it. This discourages young linguists from looking for new ones and limiting themselves to the old borders in order to obtain degrees and escape from unequal wars. To emerge but he is very slow and cautious.
The transformation of the linguistic works of a productive product through private bodies and under current living conditions has become the goal of linguistic research materially in the first place, noting that these bodies are not published for those researches that have come a long way in order to gain material gains. For other countries these bodies publish their research because they do not suffer from this physical pressure. And rights reserved to their relatives in any case!! These countries also launch research on the communication networks of all countries and leave their research in their own sites as a kind of linguistic and cultural propaganda as well as a kind of attraction for professionals.

Literature Review
There is no doubt that the Arabic language is the heart of the national identity and the spirit of this nation. Loyalty to this language comes from the door of belonging to this land and culture and language of the Koran is a language of civilization and a common tongue that brings together more than one billion Muslims across the globe. Very dangerous in order to marginalize and reduce them, although it is the language of creativity, innovation, development and invention. The Arabic language in our time is facing many problems 5 -7 .
The Arabic language faces many challenges and although these challenges have been the focus of research, conferences and symposia, they have not been resolved until now. What is really worrying is that these challenges are increasing day after day, leaving theoretical and virtual solutions on the shelves. It is not new if we say what drives us to reaffirm the interest in the Arabic language is that it is the language of the Holy Quran and the language of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) and the language of the people of Paradise and the lines of the Prophet's Hadiths and the Hadiths of the imams and prayer without reading (Koranic verse) in Arabic is not permissible; It is an irony that it is the only language that has this characteristic, that is, the link to religion.
These challenges can be divided into two parts: Internal and external. The interior is characterized by cultural alienation and intellectual fragmentation between the language and its children. Language is undergoing a real crisis to alienate and alienate its people from it and to feel alienated from it, its rules and its loyalists, so that it is fed into the stomachs of books and references that are limited to researchers and academics. As for the external challenges, they are represented first: The technological development is enormous and very fast; the language used in the net (net) for example is English and French and Arabic programs and applications are rare; Arabic mostly remains in conversations and not the Mandarin or the language of the digital/ electronic media.

Recent Challenges of Arabic Related to Electronic Media
The electronic media is the site social networking and electronic applications 8 . The scientific development in several sciences has dealt a great blow to the Arabic language as it has been ignored by electronic media. The literary genres of poetry, story and novel did not only retain their bright Arabic but worked to take responsibility for the development, dissemination and granulation of the language, in contrast to the scientific disciplines that were associated with foreign terms and their elation and remained conservative and did not strain themselves Arabization and specialized books in medicine, engineering, computer and lectures of university professors. Therefore, the linguistic assemblies in Iraq and the Arab countries did not initiate the solution of this dilemma, but these linguistic forums recorded a clear decline in its functions. One of the challenges facing the language is that some of the Gulf countries require expatriates to earn a living in order to be fluent in English, on the grounds that their companies are internationally renowned and have branches in Western countries and programs and their applications in English and many Arab countries require their institutions and universities to speak only English.
The future of the Arabic language faces several challenges, the most important of which is illiteracy, which is negatively reflected on its reality, the stagnation of language and its failure to cope with the demands of the times, which threatens its existence. Despite the efforts exerted to support them, they remain entirely substandard and sometimes individual efforts are better. The conferences and symposia held at the local or regional level on the Arabic language and the challenges they face will not work if the challenges are not met with real solutions at their root, improving the output of public education, technical, technological and scientific development, the pace and walk with clear means of modern electronic communication, experts and professionals Arabic for "Gulf " occur, noting the gap widening between the language and the data age. The modern means of communication are witnessing remarkable development and the news provides us with new developments in the world of technology, information and modern technology 9 .
This biased development of electronic languages with reference its ignorance to Arabic language poses the following concern. What is the fate of the Arabic language in the future in the light of the challenges of modern technology, which attract young people and Arab youth day after day? If the national currency is one of the most important national components and cannot be replaced by a foreign currency, the national language is the most important tool for shaping national minds and promoting citizenship, unity, sovereignty and independence.

History of Knowledge Revolution and Technology Issue
The knowledge revolution and technological development have a great impact not only in Arabic, but also in education. The cognitive explosion of quantitative and qualitative increase in knowledge and its branches necessitates that educational institutions rethink the bases for selecting, planning and building curriculum and content and methods of dealing with knowledge through various technological means and to benefit from the modern means of communication and modern technologies in the development of language curricula and modernize the methods of training, especially that the recent trends tend to benefit from the data of modern technologies in teaching language. The experts stressed that investing in the national language means investing in people and future generations, ensuring their unity and adherence to their values, constants, acquisitions, references and history and giving them the opportunity to compete in all fields, while preserving their identity, demanding the necessity of working for investment in quality, mastery, creativity and innovation. All that relates to the Arabic language functions and works are dependent on skills, abilities and thinking.
The experts recognized that Arabic the language of the nation and its identity and preservation and its preservation is a necessity that requires us to work vigorously to strengthen its position. This is a national interest, because this language expresses values and originality of Arab population 10 .
Bilal Al-Badour, Chairman of the Arab Language Protection Society, Vice Chairman of the Culture and Science Symposium, stressed that the Arabic language is good in nature and this important feature enables it to employ itself through modern technologies and means of social communication through the Internet. He said that modern technology and social media on the Internet is not the main reason for the weakness of the Arabic language, as some say, but the real problem lies in the curriculum. Al-Badour denounced the current situation in the Arabic language among students who do not have vocabulary and linguistic structures because of their lack of familiarity with and preservation of prose texts and poems.
Essa Al Hammadi, Director of the Center for Arabic Language Education in the GCC states said that the many changes that Arab societies are experiencing due to technological and technological developments and their remarkable media developments have begun to take a great deal of time and daily practice among our students, making them practicing exotic language in their mother tongue. By using Latin characters in Arabic, it is explained that the gap between the youth and the parents made the children away from the parents' educational approaches in their life practices, including the use of modern technologies and the language used in them.
Between academic guidance and the correct vocabulary of the language and environment of the school and what they receive from the media, all such challenges require the reformulation of the curriculum to be more dynamic and adapting to modern means of communication.

Arabic Language as Communication Tool
Language is not simply a tool for communication among members of society, but rather a cradle of the thought of the owners of this language and for their children's lives, their activities and achievements, their cultural choice and one of the basic components of the collective mind from here. The interest in the language and its preservation has its own distinctiveness the Arabic has from the rest of the world's languages. Third the religious dimension the social dimension and the national dimension. The challenges facing Arabic today are a reflection of the challenges faced by the Arab nations. Arabic language expressed the new creed, worship and values that Islam had brought and when the Arabs came out of Islam, they began to establish administrative and political arrangements for the new Islamic state and the Arabs also entered the era of authorship. This called for real words in the humanitarian and applied fields, new ones that accompany these developments. In view of the Arab intellectual heritage, we find that the Arab literature varied between astronomy, medicine and pharmacy, Chemistry, physics and biology and between psychology, history and religious, literary and monetary sciences. Arabic language in the present age not only serves as a language of knowledge production, but it becomes medium of widespread cognitive explosion in various human and applied sciences.

Various Challenges Facing Arabic Language Teaching
Global challenges are the global variables that constitute a contemporary global environment reflected on the development of human beings and its construction in the Arab nation as reflected on other nations, and the most important of these variables are: • Scientific and technological progress, which is one of the most prominent contemporary and future features Vol 12 (18) | May 2019 | www.indjst.org of the world, whose effects and consequences extend to all areas of life, especially atomic progress and its many peaceful and military uses. • Introduction of communication systems, especially after the use of visual communication systems that helped to transmit information at high intensity and speed of light as well as satellites that led to increased quantity and quality in the transfer of information leading to fundamental changes in the concepts of education and formation to be able to deal with the data revolution Communicate and at the same time maintain cultural identity. • Computers that have been employed in fields that have exceeded the storage of information to predict the results of scientific experiments in medicine, agriculture and others and analysis of scientific phenomena and diagnosis of diseases and medical data recording, genetic prediction and resource utilization, prediction and employment • Excellent developments in academic construction and new strategies in the distribution and diversification of knowledge and modern information systems and the abundance of information used and try to put this information in the form of investment to serve young people and extract indicators that help to choose the best alternatives in the systems of preparation and training. • Genetic engineering, laboratory fertilization and member banks, which require the rephrasing of concepts and ethical laws, as well as increased nuclear development, leading to changes in the concepts of security and traffic density. • Globalization: "Globalization" which refers to it as a technological, economic, the internal balance of the territories in general and of the states themselves. This process supports a complex system of interrelationships where communication networks replace territories and the state becomes a bureaucratic system that works to improve economic performance and trade competition. The scientific, industrial, economic and information development led to the existence of a unified world and the imposition of friction and direct contact between all the nations and civilizations that used to be independent cultural entities in the past. It is imperative that people consider their problems in a global cultural, social and economic framework. Cultural as it succeeded in removing the natural and geographical boundaries, will it be accompanied by the geographical unit imposed by the revolution of science and communication systems unity in concepts and values? Or will the deep gap that separates the minds of men and enable them be increased because of their different ideologies, intellectual and cultural backgrounds and their social and cultural reality? What is the position of globalization on the historical sensitivities among nations? Will globalization, which is now made by the geniuses of science and industry, enable them to transcend themselves in relation to others and in understanding and accepting other cultures?
The global integration between the applicants and the backward from the countries that made the world a global village and a single ideology will result in movements that everyone is aware of now, especially in the South of the world. The fear of such integration is the reaction of the weaker communities as a resistance to cultural selfaffirmation.
If a language is living language as linguistics assets, it will be exposed to other factors of change, evolution, regression, progress, weakness and power. It will have a date of birth and death and linguists and dialects can determine the approximate birth time. Accurate tools, scientific methods, information and documents are subject to language labs and it is not necessary for the languages to be nearly identical or similar. Each object has an internal strength that is resistant to disease and debilitation. It includes the characteristics of life within it and on the one hand, Z languages for long ages and others die in the bud 11 .
Thus, Arabic was unique in language, rooted in the foot and still youthful because of the flexibility, smoothness and different characteristics that can be renewed. This has made some honest orientalists study it to uncover the secrets of vitality and renewal. And the search for the gaps to expand it can be beaten from within some speakers on the principle of ((divide the block)). The beating inside is more painful and leads to division.

Challenges, Confrontations and Solutions
The conflict between Arabic and foreign factors has never ceased. It has always been targeted, but the nature of the conflict and its unity vary from one time to the next, intensifying in times of adversity and weakness and in the days of power and sovereignty. The long four fatal attempts, but came out of the most painful and strong resolve and these historical confrontations are: • The first confrontation: The Arabic language continued to rise and open until the end of the first Abbasid period. The general disintegration and the absence of Arab authority began in practice. And the language entered into a dark tunnel that only leads to death, so poetry is relegated to a foreign issue and a form of the absence of the Arab Caliph, who is encouraged by the arts of saying and emerged the meager subjects, such as the Berbers, for example and became a body without promotion and life and spread Arab and other in the structure Language and so on. The Enlightenment intellectuals, especially the linguists, have been able to restore the historical role and vitality of the language. The author would like to mention here the efforts of Yazijis and Basantians to revive the language after a long period of stagnation and forgetfulness. • The second confrontation (Altirik): The Ottoman caliphate was a continuation of nominally the Arab Islamic Caliphate and ruled the country and the people under the name of religion and was seen in the Arabs in the beginning of the Caliphate as the owners of the Islamic heavenly message, but the Turks were hiding their hatred on this nation. The era of the new Turanists, the owners of the Association (Union and Progress)) who allied themselves with Nazism and satiated with the Nietzscheist tendency on the one hand and Zionism on the other, they cast their hatred on the Arab element and despised any contempt and tried to eliminate the Arabic language that boasts of Muslims, "The Arabs still speak their language and they are ignorant of the Turkish language, as if they are not under the rule of Turk. It is the duty of the High Court in this case to forget their language and force them to do so. To learn the language of the nation that governs them. If this duty is neglected, it would be like someone who seeks to kill him by his side because the Arabs, if they do not forget their language, their history and their customs, will sooner or later learn to restore their lost glory and build a new Arab state on the ruins of Turk". The federalists did not stop at this point, but tried to impose the Turkish language in Arab schools, in the courts and courts in the Arab states, in addition to spreading chaos in the Arab states, draining their wealth by force, spreading divisions among the population and assassinating the Arab leaders and their thinkers and elites. That this alliance would be defeated at the end of the First World War. • Third Confrontation (The Western Colonizer and the Arabic Language): The situation of the Arabic language with the new colonizer (Britain-France-Italy) was not better than it was, but the colonizer was more patient and more sophisticated and knowledgeable. They sought to destroy the Arabic language to eliminate nationalism. • The fourth confrontation (Arab in the era of globalization): Facing the Arab moment unique and is subject to a stormy attack and confrontation which has never seen before, either steadfastness or fall and the form of division and rivalry and the establishment of the state of Qatar as an alternative to the nation state with all the Arab tongue. All this is reinforced by the fact that the national feeling began to decline rapidly instead of solidarity and cooperation to stand up to the onslaught of the new colonialism. The Arabic language has had the largest share of directing arrows to eliminate itself socially and structurally, as Arabic speaking parents prompted for the benefit of English on the basis that it is the only guarantor of a better future for their children, especially that life and the temptations in the countries speaking (United States -Britain -Australia, etc.) is very high, even if we balance it with the Turkish, Iranian, Chinese, or ... to understand the big differences, which is ultimately the language of the dollar. Hence the parents directed their children to study the scientific branches (medicine, pharmacy, engineering) encoded in English language.
The author presents some solutions here as a remedy for the current crisis in the language, especially in the age of globalization 12, 13 : • Re-attention to the teacher and rehabilitation and respect and improve economic conditions to change the entrenched in the minds of parents and the community from the image, then accept the superiority of this profession articulated and the basis in the construction of communities and the development of languages. • Putting the right person in the right place, the profession of education needs advanced expertise, but today became a shelter for many paid by living conditions to the impetus and therefore less creativity and stopped time at the stage of the Koran Today's teacher -who guard the minds and build generations -And is not ready to pass what is reality to what is hoped and therefore this profession was and will remain a habitat for creativity and it needs to be a teacher creative expert to raise creators and care since childhood. • Change the methods of teaching Arabic language and development from kindergarten to the highest stages and this is an urgent need today if we really want our language to return to the divine life and come back to life, we need to bring language closer to generations instead of alienating them. But to return to the nature of the language of the beautiful language of the Koran and poetry of ignorance, the language of simplicity and smooth and does not need more than the use of visual image in the process of education, especially in the early stages to attract children's insight and interest, rather than indoctrination, Information revolution that we should use to build contemporary minds. • To facilitate the way instead of the complexity and to move away from the poetic and poetic evidence Almtzza, and take into account the age of the student and mental abilities and facilitate the facilitation of no change, it is never permissible to sacrifice the characteristics of the language and its aesthetics on the pretext that it is unable to keep up with the times, The structure of the sentence, the expression, the exchange and the derivation of some of the foundations of this language, if the destruction of a part of them destroyed and facilitate a natural state known by all languages and is separated between the rhetoric addressed to the specialists and speech. • Increase interest in the development of Arabic language and the dissemination of linguistic awareness and keen on the establishment of seminars and lectures ranging from small villages and far to the provinces and cities, as was the mobile theater and this is what the cultural centers do today, their efforts in this respect worthy of respect, Cooperation between the Ministries of Culture and Education for the presence of schools in each village. This cooperation will have great positive results in the new generations, while we find that the Arabic language councils are absent from this attention almost entirely.
• Reading and then reading and the people do not read does not produce or creative, but live on the creativity of other peoples, it translates and preserves and the percentage of reading may reach up to zero degrees from the child to the university professor, knowing that reading for education other than cultural reading, The difference between them is like the difference between the language and the words of Ferdinand Dossosur. • Encouragement of authorship (creativity) is one way to renaissance of the language, our ancestors were celebrating the birth of the poet for this purpose ... But today in a completely different situation, if we do not encourage reading actually not say that we do not encourage the author and creativity and at the same time encourage the return In the language of the health of the days of our creative forefathers.

Concluded Remarks
The difficulties that are attributed to the mother tongue of the learners are summarized in the following reasons: -Arabic is a language of expression and expression is problematic for learners who speak some languages. -Standardization of the textbook in the beginner despite the difference in the level of junior students, some of them have an Arabic background and some of them lose this background, but do not have any knowledge of the Arabic language and systems. -Not to circumvent the tendencies of the learners in reading, the choice of linguistic content when it is written must be preceded by a field survey to explore the tendencies of the scholars to whom this study.
-Neglect in taking account of the level of students in the preparation of these curricula, which led to the difficulty of some and the ease of others. -Non-inclusion of the language curriculum on the system of language practice in live situations and follow-up and evaluation. -Lack of ready-made educational materials, such as language teaching units. -The lack of additional readers. -The lack of teaching aids in teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers. -Lack of precision in determining the linguistic level of the students when they start to enroll in the institutes of Arabic education for non-native speakers, so as not to mix from different levels of students. Some teachers complained at an Arab education institute that students at the junior level vary in their level of language and skills they know, some of them speak Arabic, but they do not know how to read. Some of them read some words but cannot speak Arabic. Some of them understand Arabic easily but are unable to speak or read them.