Phytoremediation using an indigenous crop plant (wheat): the uptake of methyl parathion and metabolism of p-nitrophenol

Nayeem Ullah Khan; Bhavya Varma; Nazeeb Imrana  and Paddu Krishnappa Shetty

doi:10.17485/ijst/2011/v4i12.2

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Phytoremediation using an indigenous crop plant (wheat): the uptake of methyl parathion and metabolism of p-nitrophenol

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Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2011/v4i12.2

Year: 2011, Volume: 4, Issue: 12, Pages: 1661-1667

Original Article

Phytoremediation using an indigenous crop plant (wheat): the uptake of methyl parathion and metabolism of p-nitrophenol

Nayeem Ullah Khan¹ , Bhavya Varma¹ , Nazeeb Imrana¹ and Paddu Krishnappa Shetty^2*

Fr. Cecil J. Saldanha Centre for Experimental Research in Bioscience, St. Joseph’s College Research Center, Post Box. 27094, 46, Langford Road, Bangalore - 560027, India¹
School of Natural Science and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore- 560012, India² [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected]² ; [email protected]

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for degradation of organophosphate pesticides. Rhizofiltration, soil microorganisms and rhizosphere play an important role in phytoremediation. For this purpose, experiments were carried out to analyze the pesticide uptake by plants and residue in the soil under controlled and experimental conditions. Organophosphate pesticide binds to both organic matter and antibiotic streptomycin. Streptomycin inhibits the activity of the enzyme (p-nitrophenol 4-hydroxylase) extracted from root and shoot. The results obtained from UVvisible spectrophotometer were confirmed by HPLC analysis. Wheat plants enhanced uptake/degradation of methyl parathion, p-nitrophenol and hydroquinone in unsterilized soil by 64.85%, 94.7% and 55.8% respectively. Methyl parathion hydrolyzes to p-nitrophenol, which is further metabolized to hydroquinone with nitrite release. The enzyme pnitrophenol 4-hydroxylase is active as evidenced by release of nitrite by leaf and root extracts and also by the appearance of hydroquinone in the reaction mixture.
Keywords: Phytoremediation, Streptomycin, methyl parathion, p-nitrophenol, hydroquinone, pesticide degradation.