• P-ISSN 0974-6846 E-ISSN 0974-5645

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Article

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Year: 2021, Volume: 14, Issue: 34, Pages: 2742-2750

Original Article

Design and Implementation of High Performance PPSK demodulator in Biomedical Implant

Received Date:11 June 2021, Accepted Date:25 January 2021, Published Date:25 October 2021

Abstract

Background/Objective: The important challenge for the realization of hearing aids is small size, low cost, low power consumption, and better performance, etc. Keeping these requirements in view this work concentrates on the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) implementation of the analog circuit that mimics the PPSK (Passive Phase Shift Keying) demodulator with a low pass filter. Methodology: This research deals with RF Cochlear implant circuits and their data transmission. A PPSK modulator is used for uplink data transmission in biomedical implants with simultaneous power, data transmission. This study deals with the implementation of a PPSK demodulator with related circuits and a low pass filter which are used in cochlear implants consumes low power and operates at 14MHz frequency. These circuits are designed using FINFET 20nm technology with 0.4v DC supply voltage. Findings: The performance of the proposed design over the previous design is operating at low threshold voltage, reduces static leakage currents, and often observed greater than 30 times of improvement in speed performance Novelty: As the conventional design with the same supply voltage(0.4v) exhibit high power dissipation and delay and require more amount of time to demodulate the signal. Whereas the proposed FINFET based monostable circuit and PPSK demodulator with a low pass filter has proven better in terms of less delay and power dissipation and can transmit the data with less bit error rate in stipulated time.

Keywords: Cochlear Implant (CI); Fin Field Effect Transistor (FINFET); Electrode Array; Back Telemetry; PPSK Demodulator 

References

1) Al-Haddad K. A modified wireless power transfer system for medical implants. Energies. 2019;12(10):1–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ en12101890.
2) Haumann S, Bauernfeind G, Teschner MJ, Schierholz I, Bleichner MG, Büchner A, et al. Epidural recordings in cochlear implant users. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2019;16(5):056008–056008. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ab1e80.
3) Xiu L. Time Moore: Exploiting Moore’s Law From The Perspective of Time. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine. 2019;11(1):39–55. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2018.2882285.
4) Pal RS, Sharma S, Dasgupta S. Recent trend of FinFET devices and its challenges: A review. 2017 Conference on Emerging Devices and Smart Systems (ICEDSS). 2017;p. 150–154. doi:10.1109/ICEDSS.2017.8073675.
5) Ulusan H, Chamanian S, Ilik B, Muhtaroglu A, Kulah H. Fully Implantable Cochlear Implant Interface Electronics With 51.2-uW Front-End Circuit. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems. 2019;27(7):1504–1512. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2898873.
6) Hussong A, Rau TS, Ortmaier T, Heimann B, Lenarz T, Majdani O. An automated insertion tool for cochlear implants: another step towards atraumatic cochlear implant surgery. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. 2010;5(2):163–171. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-009-0368-0.
7) Schurzig D, Timm ME, Majdani O, Lenarz T, Rau TS. The Use of Clinically Measurable Cochlear Parameters in Cochlear Implant Surgery as Indicators for Size, Shape, and Orientation of the Scala Tympani. Ear & Hearing. 2021;42(4):1034–1041. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ aud.0000000000000998.
8) Zwolan TA. Recent Advances in Cochlear Implants. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders. 2008;35(Fall):113–121. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_35_f_113.
9) Zeng FG, Rebscher S, Harrison W, Sun X, Feng H. Cochlear Implants: System Design, Integration, and Evaluation. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. 2008;1:115–142. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rbme.2008.2008250.
10) Bindu K, Rani NU. A Low Power High Efficient Radio Frequency Clock Generator for Bio-Implant. IEEE 2nd International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems ICCES. 2017. doi:10.1109/CESYS.2017.8321300.
11) Intzes I, Meng H, Cosmas JP. High Data Rate FinFET On-Off Keying Transmitter for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy. VLSI Design. 2018;2018:1–7. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1757903.
12) Gu Y, Aissa S. RF-Based Energy Harvesting in Decode-and-Forward Relaying Systems: Ergodic and Outage Capacities. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. 2015;14(11):6425–6434. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2453418.
13) Taalla RV, Arefin MS, Kaynak A, Kouzani AZ. A Review on Miniaturized Ultrasonic Wireless Power Transfer to Implantable Medical Devices. IEEE Access. 2019;7(7):2092–2106. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2886780.
14) Sawan M, Hu Y, Coulombe J. Wireless smart implants dedicated to multichannel monitoring and microstimulation. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine. 2005;5(1):21–39. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcas.2005.1405898.
15) Omisakin A, Mestrom RMC, Bentum MJ. Low-Power Wireless Data Transfer System for Stimulation in an Intracortical Visual Prosthesis. Sensors. 2021;21(3):735–735. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030735.
16) Jiang D, Cirmirakis D, Schormans M, Perkins TA, Donaldson N, Demosthenous A. An Integrated Passive Phase-Shift Keying Modulator for Biomedical Implants With Power Telemetry Over a Single Inductive Link. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. 2017;11(1):64–77. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2016.2580513.
17) Wang G, Liu W, Sivaprakasam M, Kendir GA. Design Analysis of an Adaptive Transconductance Power Telemetry for Biomedical Implant. IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems. 2005;52:2109–2117. doi:10.1109/TCSI.2005.852923.
18) Mohseni P, Najafi K, Eliades SJ, Wang X. Wireless multichannel biopotential recording using an integrated FM telemetry circuit. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2005;13(3):263–271. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2005.853625.
19) Eitan N, Shauly. A Review on CMOS Leakage and Power Reduction Transistors and Circuits: Process and Layout Considerations. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Application. 2012;2:1–29. doi:10.3390/jlpea2010001.
20) Hannan MA, Mutashar S, Samad SA, Hussain A. Energy harvesting for the implantable biomedical devices: issues and challenges. BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 2014;13(1):1–23. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925x-13-79.
21) Nair V, Choi J. An Integrated Chip High-Voltage Power Receiver for Wireless Biomedical Implants. Energies. 2015;8(6):5467–5487. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8065467.
22) Hannan MA, Abbas SM, Samad SA, Hussain A. Modulation Techniques for Biomedical Implanted Devices andTheir Challenges. Sensors. 2011;12(1):297– 319. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s120100297.
23) Blaauw D, Zhai B. Energy Efficient Design for Subthreshold Supply Voltage Operation. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. 2006;p. 4–32. doi:10.1109/ISCAS.2006.1692514.
24) Andreasdemosthenous. Review Article on Advances in Microelectronics for Implantable Medical Devices. Hindwai-Advances in Electronics. 2014;21. doi:10.1155/2014/981295. 25) Bowonder A, Patel P. Article on Subthershold FINFET for Low Power Circuit Operation. Journal of LowPower Electronics and Application. 2012;2:101–113.
26) Ghovanloo M, Najafi K. A Wideband Frequency-Shift Keying Wireless Link for Inductively Powered Biomedical Implants. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers. 2004;51(12):2374–2383. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2004.838144.
27) Katikala HB, Murthy GR, Nath YA. Design and Implementation of High Performance PPSK demodulator in Biomedical Implant. Research Square. 2021. Available from: DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-370782/v1.

Copyright

© 2021 Katikala et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

DON'T MISS OUT!

Subscribe now for latest articles and news.