Experimental Study on Mechanical and Durability Behaviour of a Sustainable Masonry Block Incorporating Agricultural and Industrial Wastes

R Prakash; S Srividhya; S Sivakumar; P Neelamegam

doi:10.17485/IJST/v17i9.70

Article

Experimental Study on Mechanical and Durability Behaviour of a Sustainable Masonry Block Incorporating Agricultural and Industrial Wastes

VIEWS 184
PDF 49

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v17i9.70

Year: 2024, Volume: 17, Issue: 9, Pages: 830-840

Original Article

Experimental Study on Mechanical and Durability Behaviour of a Sustainable Masonry Block Incorporating Agricultural and Industrial Wastes

R Prakash^1*, S Srividhya², S Sivakumar³, P Neelamegam⁴

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, 627 007, Tamil Nadu, India
²Department of Civil Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Kangeyam, Tirupur, 638108, Tamil Nadu, India
³Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, 624622, Tamil Nadu, India
⁴Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]

Received Date:09 January 2024, Accepted Date:01 February 2024, Published Date:22 February 2024

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objectives: The production of conventional cement blocks consumes significant amount of cement. The production of cement, involves significant energy consumption and releases carbon dioxide emissions, contributing to carbon footprint. However, advancements in sustainable masonry block production have been made to minimize these drawbacks. Hence, this research aims to develop a sustainable masonry solid block by incorporating Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Flay Ash (FA). Methods: The manuscript discusses the mechanical and durability properties of sustainable masonry block and comparing the result with the conventional cement blocks. The materials used are FA, Lime, Gypsum, RHA, Marble Dust Powder (MDP), Stone Quarry Dust (SQD). The solid blocks tested for Compressive strength, Density, Water absorption, Initial rate of water absorption, efflorescence, and chemical resistance. Findings: The results showed that, the addition of RHA, FA, and MDP enhanced the compressive strength of the solid blocks upto 46% when compared to convention cement block. A density reduction of 2.5% was achieved. It also exhibited a reduction in water absorption of 29.2%. IRA tests evident that the sustainable solid blocks shows reduced water absorption levels at both the one-minute and two-minute time intervals in comparison to conventional cement solid blocks. At a one-minute time, the rate of absorption for M4 is 69% lower when compared to conventional cement solid blocks. The RHA, FA and MDP admixed blocks showed better durability properties in terms of efflorescence, and chemical resistance. Novelty : This solid block production method is an innovative methodology that supports the conservation of natural resources, reduces pollution, and preserves the environment. As a result, it encourages the advancement of eco-friendly technology.

Keywords: Sustainable building blocks, Fly ash, Lime, Rice husk ash, Marble dust, Stone quarry dust

References

Prakash R, Thenmozhi R, Raman SN. Mechanical characterisation and flexural performance of eco-friendly concrete produced with fly ash as cement replacement and coconut shell coarse aggregate. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development. 2019;18(2):131–148. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESD.2019.099491
Lachheb M, Youssef N, Younsi Z. A Comprehensive Review of the Improvement of the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Unfired Clay Bricks by Incorporating Waste Materials. Buildings. 2023;13(9):1–29. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092314
Kougnigan AMJN, Mwero J, Mutuku R. Modeling of Thermal Performance and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Blocks Incorporating Plastic Bottle Waste with Crushed Clay Bricks as Coarse Aggregates. Cogent Engineering. 2023;10(2):1–18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2023.2283334
Kumar S, Chopra A, Ha ZU. Sustainable Geopolymer Bricks: Optimizing Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, and Marble Dust Composites. Research Square Preprint. 2023;p. 1–17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3621641/v1
Bashir Z, Amjad M, Raza SF, Ahmad S, Abdollahian M, Farooq M. Investigating the Impact of Shifting the Brick Kiln Industry from Conventional to Zigzag Technology for a Sustainable Environment. Sustainability. 2023;15(10):1–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108291
Ram AK, Mohanty S. State of the art review on physiochemical and engineering characteristics of fly ash and its applications. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology. 2022;9(1):1–25. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-022-00472-6
Das D, Rout PK. A Review of Coal Fly Ash Utilization to Save the Environment. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2023;234(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06143-9
Das D, Rout PK. Coal Fly Ash Utilization in India. In: Nayyar A, Naved M, Rameshwar R., eds. New Horizons for Industry 4.0 in Modern Business , Contributions to Environmental Sciences & Innovative Business Technology. (pp. 233-251) Springer, Cham. 2023.
Labidi A, Ren H, Zhu Q, Liang X, Liang J, Wang H, et al. Coal fly ash and bottom ash low-cost feedstocks for CO2 reduction using the adsorption and catalysis processes. Science of The Total Environment. 2024;912:169179. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169179
Chin WQ, Lee YH, Amran M, Fediuk R, Vatin N, Kueh A, et al. A Sustainable Reuse of Agro-Industrial Wastes into Green Cement Bricks. Materials. 2022;15(5):1–18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051713
Ramakrishnan K, Chellappa V, Chandrasekarabarathi S. Manufacturing of Low-Cost Bricks Using Waste Materials. Materials Proceedings. 2023;13(1):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013025
Rasool AM, Hameed A, Qureshi MU, Ibrahim YE, Qazi AU, Sumair A. Experimental study on strength and endurance performance of burnt clay bricks incorporating marble waste. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2023;22(1):240–255. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2024203
Nayak DK, Abhilash PP, Singh R, Kumar R, Kumar V. Fly ash for sustainable construction: A review of fly ash concrete and its beneficial use case studies. Cleaner Materials. 2022;6:1–35. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100143
Winarno S. Comparative Strength and Cost of Rice Husk Concrete Block. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2019;280:1–10. Available from: https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2019/29/matecconf_icsbe2019_04002.pdf
Tam VWY, Le KN, Illankoon IMCS, Tran CNN, Rahme D, Liu L. Economic Impacts of Environmentally Friendly Blocks: The Case of Nu-Rock Blocks. In: International conference on Variability of the Sun and sun-like stars: from asteroseismology to space weather, NICOM 2022: Nanotechnology in Construction for Circular Economy , Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. (Vol. 356, pp. 483-490) Singapore. Springer . 2023.
Yaseen N, Irfan-Ul-Hassan M, Saeed AUR, Rizwan SA, Afzal M. Sustainable Development and Performance Assessment of Clay-Based Geopolymer Bricks Incorporating Fly Ash and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2022;34(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004159
Kavitha E, Idhya K. Strength and durability studies on sustainable eco-friendly green solid blocks. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization. 2022;42(9):2551–2565. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2021.2024174
Uysal M, Aygörmez Y, Canpolat O, Cosgun T, Kuranlı ÖF. Investigation of using waste marble powder, brick powder, ceramic powder, glass powder, and rice husk ash as eco-friendly aggregate in sustainable red mud-metakaolin based geopolymer composites. Construction and Building Materials. 2022;361:129718. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129718
Mo KH, Ling TC. Utilization of coal fly ash and bottom ash in brick and block products. In: Low Carbon Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Wastes. (pp. 355-371) Weng. Elsevier. 2022.
Abbas S, Baig A, Hameed R, Kazmi SMS, Munir MJ, Shaukat S. Manufacturing of Clay Bricks Using Hybrid Waste Marble Powder and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash: A Sustainable Building Unit. Sustainability. 2023;15(20):1–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014692
Mahdi SN, R DVB, Abdullah MMAB. Mitigation of environmental problems using brick kiln rice husk ash in geopolymer composites for sustainable development. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. 2021;4:1–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100193
Silva LS, Amario M, Stolz CM, Figueiredo KV, Haddad AN. A Comprehensive Review of Stone Dust in Concrete: Mechanical Behavior, Durability, and Environmental Performance. Buildings. 2023;13(7):1–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071856
Das D, Rout PK. Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Materials. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2021;30(5):3213–3231. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05647-x
Debnath K, Das D, Rout PK. Effect of mechanical milling of fly ash powder on compressive strength of geopolymer. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022;68(Part 2):242–249. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.08.321
Das D, Rout PK. Synthesis and Characterization of Fly Ash and GBFS Based Geopolymer Material. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 2021;11(6):14506–14519. Available from: https://biointerfaceresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/20695837116.1450614519.pdf
IS 2185 Part-1. Concrete Masonry Units - Specification Part 1, Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks. Bureau of Indian Standards. Available from: https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.2185.1.2005.pdf
Sathiparan N, Jaasim JHM, Banujan B. Sustainable production of cement masonry blocks with the combined use of fly ash and quarry waste. Materialia. 2022;26:10162. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101621
Das D, Rout PK. Synthesis of Inorganic Polymeric Materials from Industrial Solid Waste. Silicon. 2023;15:1771–1791. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02116-5

Copyright

© 2024 Prakash et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)