Exploration of Antagonistic Fungi From Rhizospheric Soil Against Phytopathogens of Solanum melongena and Citrus sinensis

K Sabina; S Gayathridevi; S Pavithraa

doi:10.17485/IJST/v16i14.2395

Article

Exploration of Antagonistic Fungi From Rhizospheric Soil Against Phytopathogens of Solanum melongena and Citrus sinensis

VIEWS 505
PDF 137

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v16i14.2395

Year: 2023, Volume: 16, Issue: 14, Pages: 1090-1098

Original Article

Exploration of Antagonistic Fungi From Rhizospheric Soil Against Phytopathogens of Solanum melongena and Citrus sinensis

K Sabina^1*, S Gayathridevi¹, S Pavithraa²

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Arts and Science College, Gowrivakkam, Chennai, 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
²Director and trainer, TPSJ Academy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]

Received Date:13 December 2022, Accepted Date:04 March 2023, Published Date:17 April 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objectives: To explore the antagonistic activity of rhizospheric fungi against the phytopathogens of Solanum melongena (Brinjal) and Citrus sinensis (Orange), as these diseases cause major economic loss in the respective plants. Methods: Phytopathogens were isolated from infected leaves and fruits. Fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere of respective plants. Fungal isolates were screened for antagonism against phytopathogens and positive isolates were identified. Assays were conducted for volatile and non-volatile compounds from the antagonistic fungi and antagonistic metabolites were extracted. Antagonistic extracts were characterized and confirmed the antagonistic activity of the extract against the phytopathogens. Findings: Phytopathogens were identified as Curvularia sp. and Penicillium sp. Among the 12 rhizospheric fungal isolates, A. niger, A. fumigatus and A. flavus exhibited good antagonistic activity against the phytopathogens. The non-volatile metabolites were mostly responsible for antagonism when compared to the volatiles. The non-volatile compounds from A. niger showed highest activity against Curvularia (95% inhibition) followed by A. flavus (79%) and A. fumigatus (76%). This study demonstrates the potential applications of antagonistic fungi as effective biocontrol agents against various phytopathogens. Novelty: As high as 95% inhibition of phytopathogens was observed in the study which suggests the effectiveness of non-volatile metabolites from antagonistic fungi as potent biocontrol agents to prevent the crop-loss.

Keywords: Antagonism; Antagonistic Metabolites; Phytopathogens; Rhizospheric Fungi; Volatile Assays

References

El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Soliman SM, Salem HM, Ahmed AI, Mahmood M, et al. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms as biocontrol agents of plant diseases: Mechanisms, challenges and future perspectives. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2022;13:923880. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.923880
Santra HK, Banerjee D. Natural Products as Fungicide and Their Role in Crop Protection. In: J S, A Y, ., eds. Natural Bioactive Products in Sustainable Agriculture. (pp. 131-219) Springer Singapore. 2020.
Ezrari S, Mhidra O, Radouane N, Tahiri A, Polizzi G, Lazraq A, et al. Potential Role of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Citrus Rhizosphere for Biological Control of Citrus Dry Root Rot. Plants. 2021;10(5):872. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050872
Palmieri D, Ianiri G, Grosso CD, Barone G, Curtis FD, Castoria R, et al. Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Biocontrol Agents against Fungal Plant Diseases. Horticulturae. 2022;8(7):577. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070577
Thambugala KM, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Kannangara SD, Promputtha I. Fungi vs. Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2020;10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.604923
Aktar MT, Hossain KS, Bashar MA. Antagonistic potential of rhizosphere fungi against leaf spot and fruit rot pathogens of brinjal. Bangladesh Journal of Botany. 2015;43(2):213–217. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21675
Mohammed AM. UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method and Validation of Organic Compounds. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research. 2018;3(3):8–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.3.622
Alqarawi AA, Al-Anazi MR, Al-Shehri M, Alzahrani MN, Alsultan M, Alderei AA, et al. Isolation and characterization of potential fungal antagonists of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici from date palm rhizosphere soil. Symbiosis. 2021;83:1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-01006-9
Kowsari M, Khodakaramian G, Mousivand M, Ahmadi A, Niazi A. Isolation and characterization of potential biocontrol agents from soils against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2021.1913616
Hassan HS, Mohamed AA, Feleafel MN, Salem MZM, Ali HM, Akrami M, et al. Natural Plant Extracts and Microbial Antagonists to Control Fungal Pathogens and Improve the Productivity of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) In Vitro and in Greenhouse. Horticulturae. 2021;7(11):470. Available from: https:// doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110470
Li X, Li D, Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang J, et al. Effect of Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungi on Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in New Reclamation Land. Agriculture. 2021;11(11):1036. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111036
Javed A, Shah AH, Hussain A, Shinwari ZK, Khan SA, Khan W, et al. Potential of endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus as potent plant growth promoter. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2020;52:1083–1086.
Cohen Y, Shulhani R, Rot Y, Zemach H, Belausov E, Grinberg‐baran M, et al. Aspergillus niger , the causal agent of black mould disease in date fruits, infects and colonizes flowers and young fruitlets. Plant Pathology. 2021;70(5):1195–1208. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13358
Michailides T, Thomidis T. First report of Aspergillus flavus causing fruit rots of peaches in Greece. Plant Pathology. 2007;56(2):352. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01536.x
Pfliegler WP, Pócsi I, Győri Z, Pusztahelyi T. The Aspergilli and Their Mycotoxins: Metabolic Interactions With Plants and the Soil Biota. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020;10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02921

Copyright

© 2023 Sabina et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)