Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract

Objectives: Wireless sensor Networks employs a set a sensor nodes to monitor the parameters of the environment. The sensory information collected by the sensor nodes can be retrieved with the help of Mobile Nodes fixed upon vehicles. Existing scenarios engage both single-hop data transfer from Sensor nodes that lie within the mobile network range or profound participation of network margin nodes. These nodes are at the peril of quick energy collapse resulting in loss of network connectivity and decrease in network lifetime. The main idea behind this paper is to enhance the network lifetime and security. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed HEED (Hybrid energy efficient Distributed Clustering) protocol reduces the overall network operating cost and energy disbursement associated with the multi hop data recovery process while also ensuring fair energy utilization among Sensor nodes and prolonged network lifetime. In multi hop network, the nodes closer to the sink node are involved in almost all data transmission, hence their energy would be quickly drained out. Since the energy depletion at sink node is more than other nodes, energy holes are created. Therefore other nodes in the VANET are disconnected from the network which reduces the network lifetime. To enhance network lifetime routing protocols are introduced in addition to HEED protocol which provides efficient clustering. To improve the security Intrusion-Tolerant Routing protocol (INSENS) protocol is used, which uses multipath technique in order to make the network resilient to attacks. Findings: The proposed HEED protocol elects the cluster head periodically based on a metric which is based on parameters like residual energy of the node, closeness of its neighbors and the degree of the node. The number of iterations involved in HEED protocol is very less and it achieves literally consistent distribution of cluster head allotment across the network involving a low level of information overhead. With suitable limits on node density, intra and inter cluster transmission ranges, this protocol can assure connectivity of clustered networks. Simulation results prove that this protocol is efficient in enhancing the lifetime of the network and sustaining scalable data aggregation. In case of Distributed clustering algorithms it is the responsibility of the base station to collect the information gathered by the cluster heads. In this work each and every sensor node broadcasts it accessibility to its surrounding. Based on the broadcast information the cluster head belonging to the specific cluster is identified in parallel. INSENS protocol is used to enhance network security. Simulation results prove that this protocol is efficient in enhancing the security of the network. Application/Improvements: This study proposes centralized, HEED_INSENS protocols to solve the coverage problem in VANETs. It is also useful for applications that require data aggregation and those where all data originated from sources should reach the sink without prior aggregation.

Keywords: Sensor Nodes, Network Overhead, Network Lifetime, HEED, INSENS