In vivo Evaluation of Ilex khasiana for its Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity on Swiss albino Mice Model

Charles Lalnunfela; H T Lalremsanga; K Lalchhandama; P B Lalthanpuii; C Lalmuanthanga; T C Lalhriatpuii

doi:10.17485/IJST/v16sp1.msc6

Article

In vivo Evaluation of Ilex khasiana for its Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity on Swiss albino Mice Model

VIEWS 273
PDF 77

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v16sp1.msc6

Year: 2023, Volume: 16, Issue: Special Issue 1, Pages: 39-47

Original Article

In vivo Evaluation of Ilex khasiana for its Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity on Swiss albino Mice Model

Charles Lalnunfela¹, H T Lalremsanga¹, K Lalchhandama², P B Lalthanpuii², C Lalmuanthanga³, T C Lalhriatpuii^4*

¹Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, 796004, Mizoram, India
²Department of Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India
³Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agriculture University, Aizawl, 796014, Mizoram, India
⁴Department of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences, Zemabawk, 796017, Mizoram, India

*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]

Received Date:23 January 2023, Accepted Date:09 June 2023, Published Date:30 July 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of I. khasiana using selected parameters. Methods: Acetic acid induced writhing test, Tail emersion test and Hot plate test, Xylene induced ear edema, Formalin induced paw edema and Carrageenan induced paw edema were employed for the studies of anti-inflammatory activity of the plant on Swiss albino mice. Findings: In the acetic acid induced abdominal writhing test, the highest percent of inhibition 30.95% was found in 250 mg.kg b.w dose of IKM followed by 25.50% in IKC. In tail emersion test highest analgesic percentage was found at 90 minutes in IKC (250 mg.kg b.w) 68.96, but IKM (250 mg.kg b.w) exhibited the highest inhibition of 50% at 120 minutes. Surprisingly, IKC (500 mg.kg b.w) at 180 minutes gave the highest inhibition percentage of 76.19 but IKM (250 mg.kg b.w) at 180 minutes inhibited 79.36% of the pain which was slightly higher when compared to 60.60% of IKM (500 mg.kg b.w) at the same time point. In xylene induced ear edema test IKM gave 36.84% of inhibition and it was higher than IKC (500 mg/kg b.w) which was found to be 24.73. After 6 hours in formalin induced edema, IKC (250 mg/kg b.w) gave 49.69% of inhibition which was higher than 36.21% inhibition exerted by IKM. In both the paw edema test, at 2 hours after inducing inflammation, the peak was comparatively high and reduced gradually as the time increased. Carrageenan paw edema was measured for 6 hours at hourly intervals. Inhibition of edema increased with time, IKM (250 mg/kg b.w) has a percentage of 36.21% and IKC at the same dose has 28.16% of inhibition. Novelty: Ilex khasiana, the unexplored yet critically endangered species has a scientific support not only with regards to its protection but its enormous contribution in phytochemistry. Conclusion: IKC and IKM showed close efficacy regarding their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Like the other Ilex species, I. khasiana has valuable medicinal property and is demanding special attention being a critically endangered species in terms of propagationand protection.

Keywords: Ilex Khasiana; Analgesic; Antiinflamatory; IKM; IKC

References

Yao M, Xie J, Du H, Mcclements DJ, Xiao H, Li L. Progress in microencapsulation of probiotics: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2020;19(2):857–874. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12532
Chazaud B. Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Leave It to the Macrophages! Trends in Immunology. 2020;41(6):481–492. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.04.006
Mahnashi MH, Alyami BA, Alqahtani YS, Jan MS, Rashid U, Sadiq A, et al. Phytochemical profiling of bioactive compounds, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials of Habenaria digitata Lindl.: Molecular docking based synergistic effect of the identified compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2021;273:113976. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113976
Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’amico R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, et al. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants. 2020;9(8):1–19. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080660
Pachura N, Kupczyński R, Sycz J, Kuklińska A, Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska A, Wińska K, et al. Biological Potential and Chemical Profile of European Varieties of Ilex. Foods. 2022;11(1):1–28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010047
Alizadeh SR, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Quercetin derivatives: Drug design, development, and biological activities, a review. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2022;229:114068. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114068
Zapata FJ, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Novakofski JE, Nakamura MT, Mejia EGD. Caffeine, but not other phytochemicals, in mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) attenuates high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-driven lipogenesis and body fat accumulation. Journal of Functional Foods. 2020;64:1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103646
Petrou A, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazole Ring - A Biologically Active Scaffold. Molecules. 2021;26(11):1–75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113166
Sharma A, Cooper R, Bhardwaj G, Cannoo DS. The genus Nepeta: Traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2021;268:113679. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113679
Verbitsky A, Dopfel D, Zhang N. Rodent models of post-traumatic stress disorder: behavioral assessment. Translational Psychiatry. 2020;10(132):1–28. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-020-0806-x
Lemoui R, Cheriet T, Kahlouche F, Noman L, Seghiri R, Abudunia A. LC-MS profile, in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antibacterial and hemostatic properties of Ranunculus bullatus extract. Natural Product Research. 2022;p. 1–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2022.2136661
Tjølsen A, Berge OGG, Hunskaar S, Rosland JH, Hole K. The formalin test: an evaluation of the method. Pain. 1992;51(1):5–17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(92)90003-T
Winter CA, Risley EA, Nuss GW. Carrageenin-Induced Edema in Hind Paw of the Rat as an Assay for Antiinflammatory Drugs. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1962;111(3):544–547. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-111-27849
Stewart AG, Beart PM. Inflammation: maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2016;173(4):631–634. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13389
Shao J, Li Y, Wang Z, Xiao M, Yin P, Lu Y, et al. 7b, a novel naphthalimide derivative, exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via targeted-inhibiting TAK1 following down-regulation of ERK1/2- and p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. International Immunopharmacology. 2013;17(2):216–228. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.008
Oyedapo OA, Adewunmi CO, Iwalewa EO, Makanju VO. Analgesic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related activities of 21-hydroxy-2, 41-dimethoxychalcone and 4-hydroxychalcone in mice. Journal of Biological Sciences. 2008;8(1):131–136. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.131.136
Dziedziński M, Kobus-Cisowska J, Stachowiak B. Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food—Current State of Knowledge. Plants. 2021;10(7):1–28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071306
Rao S, Li Y, Ramakrishnan R, Hassaine A, Canoy D, Cleland J, et al. An Explainable Transformer-Based Deep Learning Model for the Prediction of Incident Heart Failure. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. 2022;26(7):3362–3372. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2022.3148820
Wong RSY. Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Cancer Prevention and Cancer Promotion. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. 2019;2019:1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3418975
Nunes CDR, Arantes MB, Pereira SMDF, Cruz LLD, Passos MDS, Moraes LPD, et al. Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules. 2020;25(16):1–22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163726
Peng Y, Yan Y, Wan P, Dong W, Huang K, Ran L, et al. Effects of long-term intake of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murray on the organism health and gut microbiota in vivo. Food Research International. 2020;130:108952. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108952
Bandeira M, Possan AL, Pavin SS, Raota CS, Vebber MC, Giovanela M, et al. Mechanism of formation, characterization and cytotoxicity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained from Ilex paraguariensis leaves extract. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects. 2020;24:100532. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100532
Oh KKK, Adnan MD, Cho DHH. Network Pharmacology Study to Interpret Signaling Pathways of Ilex cornuta Leaves against Obesity. Processes. 2021;9(7):1–24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9071106

Copyright

© 2023 Lalnunfela et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)