Rate Equations Model to Simulate the Dual Generation of Nd+3: YAG Passive Q-Switched Laser Pulses

Sara Abdulhussain; Abdul Kareem Mahdi Salih

doi:10.17485/IJST/v16i40.1748

Article

Rate Equations Model to Simulate the Dual Generation of Nd+3: YAG Passive Q-Switched Laser Pulses

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Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v16i40.1748

Year: 2023, Volume: 16, Issue: 40, Pages: 3462-3470

Original Article

Rate Equations Model to Simulate the Dual Generation of Nd+3: YAG Passive Q-Switched Laser Pulses

Sara Abdulhussain¹, Abdul-Kareem Mahdi Salih^2*

¹Bio medical Department, College of Engineering- University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq
²Physics Department, College of Science - University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq

*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]

Received Date:02 August 2023, Accepted Date:04 September 2023, Published Date:27 October 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objective: Rate equations model has been formulated to simulate the simultaneous generation of two passive Q-switching pulses using one active medium. It is possible to separate them and employ each pulse in practical applications. Methods: The model was solved numerically by used Rung–kutta–Fahelberg method. This model was tested in the study of the effect of saturable absorber ions concentration on the duration, energy, and power of the dual pulses which are generation by passive Q-switching of . Finding: The results of the numerical solution showed that the temporal behavior of photons density of passive Q-switching pulses and the population inversion density of active medium is good agreement with studies which dealt the theory of passive Q-switching, which enhances reliability using this model. Novelty: The mathematical model included six rate equations instead of three or four rate equations. It is based to simulate the spectrum lines as a 4-level and 3-level energy schemes of active medium to get two passive Q-switching laser pulses at the same time (instantaneously) instead of one pulse. Can be separated into two pulses to employ each of them in applications.

Keywords: Laser; Passive Q-Switching; Solid state lasers; Nd+3

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© 2023 Abdulhussain & Salih. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)