Spatial Variability Portrayal of Soil Fertility Indicators in Apple Growing Area of Ziarat Balochistan Using Geostatistical Analysis

S R nbsp Fareed nbsp   nbsp; nbsp M nbsp Memon       nbsp   nbsp; nbsp S M nbsp Bhatti nbsp   nbsp; nbsp M I nbsp Keerio nbsp

doi:10.17485/IJST/v14i21.490

Article

Spatial Variability Portrayal of Soil Fertility Indicators in Apple Growing Area of Ziarat Balochistan Using Geostatistical Analysis

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Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v14i21.490

Year: 2021, Volume: 14, Issue: 21, Pages: 1748-1757

Original Article

Spatial Variability Portrayal of Soil Fertility Indicators in Apple Growing Area of Ziarat Balochistan Using Geostatistical Analysis

S R Fareed 1 , M Memon✉ 1 , S M Bhatti 1 , M I Keerio 2

¹Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan

²Khairpur College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (KCAET)

Received Date:22 March 2021, Accepted Date:15 April 2021, Published Date:19 June 2021

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the soil heterogenicity and mapping of spatial distribution of soil fertility indicators for efficient nutrient management in apple orchards using geostatistical tool. Methods: Soil samples were collected from 50 apple orchards in district Ziarat where 20 from Ziarat and 30 from Sanjavi tehsil. GPS locations were marked at each orchard. Four soil cores were dug below each of the 8 apple tree canopy and composited into one sample. The samples were air-dried, ground, sieved through 2 mm sieve and analyzed for soil texture, organic matter, pH, EC, macro (N, P and K) and micro (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) nutrients. Descriptive statistics was carried out using Microsoft Excel. Geostatistical analysis was conducted by ArcGIS 8.1. Findings: Texturally, soil of the apple orchards were grouped into silt loam, sandy loam and loam where silt loam was dominant class as 82% samples were silt loam. Soil was non-saline (0.42 dSm^-1) and have pH in alkaline ranges (7.71-8.45) with average value of 7.93. Kjeldhal’s N, AB-DTPA extractable nutrients i.e. P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were in the range of 0.02-0.15%, 0.26-9.41, 21.0-203.60, 0.21-1.35, 0.25-6.29, 0.41-65.97 and 1.80-27.01 mgkg^-1 respectively. Most of the orchards (54%) expressed soil organic matter in adequate range and 46% orchards' soil showed medium level TN. Low level P, K and Fe was noted in 72, 50 and 74% orchards' soil. The findings of geostatistical analysis showed that Soil pH, Cu and Mn had a weak spatial autocorrelation. While TN, and Zn had a medium whereas P, K and Fe had a higher spatial autocorrelation. Novelty: This research study provides procedural input for precise utilization of fertilizers as per soil properties of the area with minimum wastage and greater output.

Keywords

apple orchard, geostatistics, plant nutrients, soil properties, spatial variability

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© 2021 Fareed et al.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)