Spatio-Temporal Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Groundwater of an Indo Burma Hotspot Region

Zonunthari; Emacaree S Nongtri; Lalnuntluanga; Prabhat Kumar Rai

doi:10.17485/IJST/v16i30.1418

Article

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Groundwater of an Indo Burma Hotspot Region

VIEWS 267
PDF 82

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v16i30.1418

Year: 2023, Volume: 16, Issue: 30, Pages: 2325-2332

Original Article

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Groundwater of an Indo Burma Hotspot Region

Zonunthari¹, Emacaree S Nongtri¹, Lalnuntluanga¹, Prabhat Kumar Rai^1*

¹Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University (A Central University), Tanhril, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India

*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]

Received Date:09 June 2023, Accepted Date:05 July 2023, Published Date:09 August 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objective: To monitor and provide the first-hand information on the groundwater quality by assessing spatio-temporal variations of physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals in Aizawl, Mizoram, an Indo Burma biodiversity hotspot region. Methods: Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater were analyzed through standard methodology following American Public Health Association (APHA) while heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Findings: Results revealed that several physico-chemical characteristics were observed within the range of regulatory or prescribed limits, except PO4 3- and N-NH3. To this end, the ranges of physico-chemical characteristics such as Total Alkalinity ((TA) 9.25 -250.9 mg/L), Total Hardness ((TH)11-242.5 mg/L), Calcium (2.2-71 mg/L), Phosphate ((PO4 3-) 0-0.63 mg/L), Ammonia ((N-NH3)0.056-1.816 mg/L), Nitrate ((N-NO2) 0.003- 0.88 mg/L), and heavy metals, specifically Zinc ((Zn)0.2.196 mg/L) and Iron ((Fe)0-1.162 mg/L) were recorded. The present study provides first-hand information on physico-chemical characteristics, especially heavy metals in groundwater sample of Aizawl which is an integral landscape of Indo Burma biodiversity hotspot. Novelty: Groundwater pollution can be maintained in Aizawl through regular monitoring and application of green chemicals as well as phytoremediation technology to sustain the potable water quality for human well-being/-health.

Keywords: Monitoring; Groundwater; Water Quality Analysis; PhysicoChemical Characteristics; Human Health; Green Chemical

References

Giri A, Bharti VK, Kalia S, Arora A, Balaje SS, Chaurasia OP. A review on water quality and dairy cattle health: a special emphasis on high-altitude region. Applied Water Science. 2020;10(3):1–16. Available from: https://cpcb.nic.in/who-guidelines-for-drinking-water-quality/
Zhang J, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Zeng Y, Ji Y, Sun YY, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment in the plain area of Yarkant River Basin in Xinjiang, P.R. China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021;28(24):31704–31716. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12851-8
Chakraborty M, Tejankar A, Coppola G, Chakraborty S. Assessment of groundwater quality using statistical methods: a case study. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2022;15(12):1136. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10276-2
Groundwater— more about the hidden resource. 2020. Available from: https://iah.org/education/general-public/groundwater-hidden-resource
Nong, Shao, Xiao, Zhong. Spatio-temporal Characterization Analysis and Water Quality Assessment of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(12):2227. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122227
Medjani F, Djidel M, Labar S, Bouchagoura L, Bara CR. Groundwater physico-chemical properties and water quality changes in shallow aquifers in arid saline wetlands, Ouargla, Algeria. Applied Water Science. 2021;11(5):82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01415-3
Manikandan E, Rajmohan N, Anbazhagan S. Monsoon impact on groundwater chemistry and geochemical processes in the shallow hard rock aquifer. CATENA. 2020;195:104766. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104766
Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang H, Zhu X, Wang L. Spatio-Temporal Variation of Groundwater Quality and Source Apportionment Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques for the Hutuo River Alluvial-Pluvial Fan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(3):1055. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031055
Boral S, Sen IS, Tripathi A, Sharma B, Dhar S. Tracking Dissolved Trace and Heavy Metals in the Ganga River From Source to Sink: A Baseline to Judge Future Changes. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 2020;21(10). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009203
Saturday A, Lyimo TJ, Machiwa J, Pamba S. Spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical water quality parameters of Lake Bunyonyi, Southwestern Uganda. SN Applied Sciences. 2021;3(7). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04672-8
Rai PK, Lee J, Kailasa SK, Kwon EE, Tsang YF, Ok YS, et al. A critical review of ferrate(VI)-based remediation of soil and groundwater. Environmental Research. 2018;160:420–448. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.016
Rai PK, Singh MM. Wetland Plants’ Chemical Ecology for Iron of A Ramsar Site in An Indo-Burma Hotspot: In-Situ Bioaccumulation and Phytoremediation Implications. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 2020;19(4):1607–1615. Available from: https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2020.v19i04.028
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater: 21st Edition as prescribed by. APHA. 2005.
Dey S, Botta R, Kallam R, Angadala R, Andugala J. Seasonal variation in water quality parameters of Gudlavalleru Engineering College Pond. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100058
Jha MK, Shekhar A, Jenifer MA. Assessing groundwater quality for drinking water supply using hybrid fuzzy-GIS-based water quality index. Water Research. 2020;179:115867. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115867
Mohammed-Aslam MA, Rizvi SS. Hydrogeochemical characterisation and appraisal of groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigational purposes in a semi-arid region, Karnataka state, India. Applied Water Science. 2020;10(12):1–37. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01320-1
Mohan U, Krishnakumar A. Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality in the Kallada Basin, Southern Western Ghats of India. In: B PC, N MK., eds. Groundwater Resources Development and Planning in the Semi-Arid Region. (pp. 335-352) Springer International Publishing. 2021.
Warrack J, Kang M, Sperber CV. Groundwater phosphorus concentrations: global trends and links with agricultural and oil and gas activities. Environmental Research Letters. 2022;17(1):014014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac31ef
Yang H, Wang P, Chen A, Ye Y, Chen Q, Cui R, et al. Prediction of phosphorus concentrations in shallow groundwater in intensive agricultural regions based on machine learning. Chemosphere. 2023;313:137623. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137623
Mahmoud N, Zayed O, Petrusevski B. Groundwater Quality of Drinking Water Wells in the West Bank, Palestine. Water. 2022;14(3):377. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030377
Sajil KP, Aswin K, Kurian PK, James EJ. Nutrient chemistry and seasonal variation in the groundwater quality of a Riverine Island on the west coast of Kerala. India. Sustainable Water Resources Management. 2020;6(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00358-y
Aravinthasamy P, Karunanidhi D, Subramani T, Srinivasamoorthy K, Anand B. Geochemical evaluation of fluoride contamination in groundwater from Shanmuganadhi River basin, South India: implication on human health. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2020;42(7):1937–1963. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00452-x
Tong X, Tang H, Gan R, Li Z, He X, Gu S. Characteristics and Causes of Changing Groundwater Quality in the Boundary Line of the Middle and Lower Yellow River (Right Bank) Water. 2022;14(12):1846. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121846
Sirajudeen J, Pravinkumar J. Heavy metal analysis of groundwater of Thirukoviloor India. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021;36:828–859. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.012
Rahimzadeh MR, Rahimzadeh MR, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. Zinc Poisoning - Symptoms, Causes, Treatments. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2020;20(15):1489–1498. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200414161944

Copyright

© 2023 et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)