Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract

Weirs and gates are structures which are used to measure water flow in open channels. Entering rivers’ sediments into channels is considered as one of the main problems in irrigation and water transmission networks. The relations presented based on laboratory results for gates, weirs and apertures’ discharge coefficients have been extracted and developed based on the conditions of sediment free water flow. Therefore, applying these relations in natural conditions requires investigating the effect of suspended load on hydraulic coefficients which are highly effective to technically and economically design and select these structures. The purpose of the present paper was to determine the amount of flow discharge and the type of effective parameters using different geometrical and hydraulic conditions such as overflow height. It was also attempted to present the relation of discharge coefficient at the presence of suspended load. To this end, three-dimensional FLOW3D model was employed. This numerical model can simulate the flow containing suspended sediments and sediments’ deposition in various parts of channel. In numerical simulation, based on landing number of flow, Cd has a determination coefficient (R2 ) relatively better and higher than laboratory results. It can be attributed to the lack of suspended load thickness distribution in laboratory and difficult conditions of such action in laboratory modeling. In laboratory model, suspended load cannot be fully injected with appropriate ratio to the entire fluid. However, in numerical model, flow thickness amount can be easily added an injected to the model from input boundary on cubic meter unit of flow. This significant point is considered as one of the advantages of numerical model to simulate such problems. In the present study, total relation of flow discharge (Cd) was presented as a combination of values of flow landing (Fr), flow thickness amount (S) and relative low depth (yd/P) in side weirs. 

Keywords: Discharge Coefficients, Flow3D, Side Weir, Suspended Sediment