Appraisal and Assessment of Hydraulic Geometry and Development of Potholes on Bedrock Channel of Kukadi River, Maharashtra, India

Atul M Jethe; Lalit M Thakare

doi:10.17485/IJST/v16i35.79

Article

Appraisal and Assessment of Hydraulic Geometry and Development of Potholes on Bedrock Channel of Kukadi River, Maharashtra, India

VIEWS 337
PDF 87

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v16i35.79

Year: 2023, Volume: 16, Issue: 35, Pages: 2822-2834

Original Article

Appraisal and Assessment of Hydraulic Geometry and Development of Potholes on Bedrock Channel of Kukadi River, Maharashtra, India

Atul M Jethe^1*, Lalit M Thakare²

¹Department of Geography, C.T. Bora College, Shirur, Pune, Maharashtra, 412210, India
²Department of Geography, Sir Parashurambhau College, Pune, 411030, Maharashtra, India

*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]

Received Date:28 February 2023, Accepted Date:11 August 2023, Published Date:19 September 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objectives: The present research aims to study the hydrogeomorphology, mechanism of channel morphology, development and distribution of the potholes in the Kukadi River, Maharashtra. To ascertain the size and shape relationship of the potholes. To find out the recent anthropogenic effects on the bedrock lithology of the Kukadi River. Methods: The comprehensive methods of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques are used to determine hydraulic geometry and pothole development. Six geomorphological sites were selected for section-based profiling. The measurements were taken by dumpy level, GPS and total station survey. Field survey was conducted to determine the geometry of the size shape and depth of the potholes. Pebbles and grinding tools within the potholes were also collected to analyse the capacity and role of joints, cracks and fractures in the development of potholes. All maps were prepared in a GIS environment. Findings: The present study reveals the mechanism of pothole development at six major sites. Section-based profiling highlights the dominance of hydrodynamics, stream energy and capacity. The hydraulic geometry of the Kukadi river conforms to the relationship between the depth and diameter of potholes. It also ascertains the role of joints, cracks and fractures at riverbeds in the development of potholes. Thus Depth and diameter of the Kukadi river are almost maintained by lithology. Based on shape Honewadi (585 MSL) 29.03% (31) potholes are irregular in shape, Gadilgaon(575 MSL) is 27.08%(48) rounded, Gunore(570 MSL) is 26.78% (15) irregular, Dongargaon(565 MSL) 25.01%(44), Kohokadi (560 MSL) 28.26% (13)irregular while Mhase(565 MSL)39.95% (13) Club shape in nature Novelty: The scope of the present research is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the hydraulic geometry and potholes development on bedrock channel, which has received limited attention in previous studies. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach that combines field observation, hydrological and geomorphological measurement.Thus the study highlights their geoenvironmental, ecological and cultural values in the context of sustainable river management and conservation

Keywords: Potholes; Hydraulic Geometry; Hydrodynamics; Geometrical Shapes; Depth And Diameter Relationship; Remote Sensing and GIS

References

Ferguson RI, Lewin J, Hardy RJ. Fluvial processes and landforms. Geological Society, London, Memoirs. 2022;58(1):257–270. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1144/M58-2021-18
Kutubuddin DM, Biswas M. Geo-hydrological response to pothole formation: A quantitative study of Kharsoli river. India Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. 2017(3):32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0280-5
F DR. River Potholes: Modern and Ancient. 1988. Available from: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=diffendal
Kale VS, Shingade BS. A morphological study or potholes of Indrayani knick point (Maharashtra) Explorations in the tropics. Dikshit felicitation committee Pune. 1987;p. 206–214. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283838660_A_morphological_study_of_potholes_of_Indrayani_knick_point_Mah
Sengupta S, Kale VS. Evaluation of the role of rock properties in the development of potholes: A case study of the Indrayani knickpoint, Maharashtra. Journal of Earth System Science. 2011;120(1):157–165. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-011-0005-5
Bera B, Bhattacharjee S, Chamling M, Ghosh A, Sengutpa N, Ghosh S. Relationship between diameter and depth of potholes controlled by lithology and structure in the Rarh region of India. Current Science. 2021;121(5):697. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v121/i5/697-703
Kale VS, Joshi V. Evidence of formation of potholes in bedrock on human timescale: Indrayani river, Pune district, Maharashtra. In: Current Science. (Vol. 86, pp. 773-775) 2004.
Jerry RM. The Influence of Bedrock Geology on Knickpoint Development and Channel-Bed Degradation along Downcutting Streams in South-Central Indiana. The Journal of Geology. 1991;99:591–605. Available from: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/629519
Kale VS. Atlas of Geomorphosite India . 2017. Available from: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1861K/abstract
Raj R. Occurrence of volcanic ash in the Quaternary alluvial deposits, lower Narmada basin, western India. Journal of Earth System Science. 2008;(1) 41–48. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-008-0011-4
Duraiswami R, Gadpallu P, Shaikh T, Cardian N. Pahoehoe-a‧a transitions in the lava flow fields of the western Deccan Traps, India-implications for emplacement dynamics, flood basalt architecture and volcanic stratigraphy. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2014;84:146–166. Available from: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JAESc..84..146D/abstract
Babar M. Hydrogeomorphology: Fundamentals,Applications and Techniques. 2005.
Huggett RJ. Fundamentals of Geomorphology . 2011. Available from: https://sudartomas.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/fundamentalsofgeomorphology_routledgefundamentalsofphysicalgeography.pdf
Kale VS. A 10-digit geo-coding system for classification of geocomposites in India Eq General Assembly. (p. 1861) Vienna Austria. 2015.
Schumm SA. The Fluvial System . (Vol. 346) New York, Willey. Special Publications. 1977.
Springer GS, Tooth S, Wohl EE. Dynamics of pothole growth as defined by field data and geometrical description. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 2005;110(F4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000321
Ji S, Li L, Zeng W. Weizeng The relationship between diameter and depth of potholes eroded by running water. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2018;10(5):818–831. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.05.002
Gregory KJ. Changing the nature of physical geography. Fennia International Journal of Geography. 2001;(1) 9–19. Available from: https://fennia.journal.fi/article/view/9180
Pelletier JD, Sweeney KE, Roering JJ, Finnegan NJ. Controls on the geometry of potholes in bedrock channels. Geophysical Research Letters. 2015;42(3):797–803. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062900
Kamble A, Unde M, Jog SR. Genesis and Morphology of coastal potholes: A case study from North Konkan in Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Geography and Environment. 1997;2:12–19. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340903219_Genesis_and_morphology_of_coastal_potholes_and_depressions_A_study_from_North_Konkan_Maharashtra
Kanhaiya S. Pothole: a unique geomorphological feature from the bedrocks of Ghaghghar River, Son valley, India. 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2018.1558018
Wei X, Cai S, Zhan W. Impact of anthropogenic activities on morphological and deposition flux changes in the Pearl River Estuary, China. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96183-0
Singtuen V, Junjuer T. Characterisation of Potholes formed on bedrock sandstones at Loei dun Phetchabun geopark, Thailand. In: Sciendo Geologos . (Vol. 2022, pp. 39-50) Thailand, Sciendo Geologos. .
Sane K, Thakkar M, Chauhan G, Aiyar D, Bhandari S. Formation of potholes associated with bedrock gorges on Mesozoic sandstone of Khari river, Kachchh Mainland Western India. Open Journal of Geology. 2020;10:171–186. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2020.102010
Marschalko M, Popielarczyk D, Templin T, Yilmaz I, Niemiec D, Augustynowicz M, et al. Engineering–geological investigation of the river bottom near a dam’s stabilization threshold based on two different evaluation methodologies. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2022;81(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10164-0

Copyright

© 2023 Jethe & Thakare. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)