Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Infiltration is important process due to which rainwater percolates into the soil and moves down to join the groundwater. Methods/Statistical Analysis: There are two methods used for measuring infiltration like indirect method and direct method. In indirect method, infiltrometer, rain simulators are used. Direct method is done by the analysis of runoff hydrograph resulting from natural precipitation. For small watersheds, like milli and micro infiltrometer values and storm hydrograph analysis gives best results. Findings: The infiltration process is affected by surface runoff, ground water recharge and erosion of soil. At a certain moment the infiltration capacity of soil is indicated by maximum infiltration rate. By adopting Ф index, which gives average rate throughout the rainfall, it is well suited for calculating maximum run off from a major storm on wet soils. In this study constant infiltration rates of the soils under different soil conditions were studied, compared with the infiltration rates and were verified with IS code 15792-2008. Because of highest infiltration rate in Malchalma village surface water is available even in summer. It has been proved that maximum infiltration results in excess of ground water. Application/Improvements: It is a strenuous task to measure infiltration in the field. The infiltration rates can be estimated from the proposed model by using ArcGIS 10.2.2 different images have been developed. 
Keywords: GIS and RS, Ground Water, Infiltration, Infiltration Index, Rainfall, Soil Condition