Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Abstract

Objectives: Distinctive routing protocols are designed where energy awareness is considered as essential design issue.The main objective of routing is to enhance the lifetime of the network by selecting appropriate route. Methods:Therouting protocols are classified into different categories which are location based routing protocols, hierarchical network routing and flat based routing protocols, Area based routing protocols are GAF, GEAR and SPAN. Hierarchical routing protocols are LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN and APTEEN. Flat routing protocols are SPIN, Directed Diffusion and Rumor Routing. All these protocols have different working and perform different types of operations in order to increase the lifetime of the network. Findings: In Wireless Sensor Network, sensor nodes consist of limited storage capacity, transmission range as well as limited energy resources. Also the sensor nodes can process limited amount of data. So in this case we need to have some conventions which can help to reduce the energy consumption of nodes. We found that all routing protocols are performing different operations in order to minimize the energy consumption of the network. Different approaches are used to enhance the lifetime of the network. Some protocols are using hierarchical conventions, some are using flat routing conventions and some are using area based routing conventions.Every one of these conventions is serving the lifetime of system in their own specific manner. Applications:The routing protocols are used in all types of Wireless Sensor Networks in order to enhance the lifetime of the network. Routing protocols are mainly used in time-driven, event-driven and querydriven applications.

Keywords: Base Station, Data Dissemination, Data Transmission,Energy Efficiency, Routing Protocols, Wireless Sensor Network